\documentclass[compress]{beamer}

\usepackage{graphicx,subfigure,booktabs,natbib}

\usetheme{Hannover}
\usecolortheme{dove}
\usefonttheme[options]{serif}
\usepackage{palatino}

\bibliographystyle{plainnat}
\bibpunct{[}{]}{;}{a}{}{,}

% for themes, etc.

% these will be used later in the title page
\title[Aracta Brackish Marsh]{Integration of the McDaniel Slough Brackish Marsh into the Arcata Wastewater Treatment Facility}
\author[Capstone Fall 2008]{Neil Berezovsky, Cameron Bracken, Amelia Dillon, Jordan Pierce and Jason M. Roberts}
\date{Capstone Engineering, Fall 2008 \\ {\it Humboldt State University}}% \\ {\tiny December 2008}}


\begin{document}

\begin{frame}
\titlepage
\end{frame}



\section{Introduction}
\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Introduction}
    \framesubtitle{}
        \begin{center}
        \includegraphics[scale=0.3]{../writing/group/figs/restoration-presentation-version.pdf}
        \end{center}
    \begin{itemize}
        \item Arcata Wastewater Treatment Facility (AWTF)
        \item McDaniel Slough restoration project
    \end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Introduction}
    \framesubtitle{Project Objective}
    \begin{itemize}
        \item Investigate the hydraulic feasibility of
        connecting the Brackish Marsh in series with the current system
        %and a single point of discharge
        \item Develop a tool for the feasibility analysis
        \item Develop a tool for predictive and daily operational use at the AWTF
    \end{itemize}
\end{frame}



\section{Background}

\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Current Conditions}
    \framesubtitle{AWTF}
    \begin{itemize}
        \item Built in 1984
        \item Design population: 19,056
        \item Current population: 16,610
        \item Design flow: 2.3 mgd
        \item Base flow: 1.5 - 2 mgd
        \item Typical high flow event: 10 mgd
        \item Conventional primary treatment train
        \item Alternative secondary and tertiary treatment
    \end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Current Conditions}
    \framesubtitle{Secondary Treatment}
        \begin{center}
        \includegraphics[scale=.5]{../writing/group/figs/TM_ghost_aerial.pdf}
        \end{center}
    \begin{itemize}
        \item Three in-series Oxidation Ponds
        \item Four Treatment Marshes
        \item Chlorine Contact Basin
    \end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Current Conditions}
    \framesubtitle{Tertiary Treatment}
        \begin{center}
        \includegraphics[scale=.5]{../writing/group/figs/EM_ghost_aerial.pdf}
        \end{center}
    \begin{itemize}
        \item Three in-series Enhancement Marshes
        \item Influent and effluent connected to the Chlorine Contact Basin
    \end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Current Conditions}
    \framesubtitle{Flow Diagram}
        \begin{center}
        \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{../writing/group/figs/connections-all.pdf}
        \end{center}
    \begin{itemize}
        \item Gravity fed through Oxidation Ponds, Treatment Marshes
        and Enhancement Marshes
        \item Pumped into Chlorine Contact Basin
    \end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Current Conditions}
    \framesubtitle{Permitting}
    \begin{itemize}
        \item NPDES Permit No. CA0022713
        \item Expires June 2009
        \item Discharge volume and constituent limitations
        \item \$500,000 in fines since 2000
    \end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Current Conditions}
    \framesubtitle{Permitting}
        \begin{center}
        \includegraphics[scale=.5]{../writing/group/figs/Discharge_aerial.pdf}
        \end{center}
    \begin{itemize}
        \item Outfall No. 001 Butcher's Slough
        \item Outfall No. 002 Allen Marsh
        \item New permit locations and limitations under negotiation
    \end{itemize}
\end{frame}


\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Anticipated Changes}
    \framesubtitle{Brackish Marsh}
        \begin{center}
        \includegraphics[scale=0.35]{../writing/group/figs/restoration-presentation-version.pdf}
        \end{center}
\end{frame}


\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Brackish Marsh}
    \framesubtitle{Vision}

    Multiple stakeholders; multiple visions
    \begin{itemize}
        \item California Department of Fish and Game
        \item City of Arcata
        \item North Coast Regional Water Quality Control Board
     \end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Brackish Marsh}
    \framesubtitle{Integration Scenarios}
        \begin{center}
        \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{../writing/group/figs/tm-all-series-no-pump.pdf}

        %{\tiny Full use of the Enhancement Marshes.}
        \end{center}
        \begin{itemize}
            \item Full use of Enhancement Marshes
            \item Maximum retention time for treatment
        \end{itemize}
\end{frame}


\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Brackish Marsh}
    \framesubtitle{Integration Scenarios}
        \begin{center}
        \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{../writing/group/figs/tm-none.pdf}

        %{\tiny Full removal of the Enhancement Marshes.}
        \end{center}
        \begin{itemize}
            \item Full removal of Enhancement Marshes
            \item Reduced treatment
        \end{itemize}
\end{frame}


\section{Project Components}

\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Project Components}
        \begin{center}\includegraphics[scale=.65]{../writing/group/figs/mindmap.pdf}\end{center}
\end{frame}


\section{Model Development}

\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Inflow Model}
        \begin{itemize}
                \item Statistical
            \begin{itemize}
                    \item Uses historical inflow and rainfall
                \end{itemize}
            \item Calibrated with the Seasonal-Trend Loess (STL) time series decomposition method ({\it Cleveland et al.},
        1990)
        \end{itemize}
\end{frame}


\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Pond \& Wetland Model}
    \framesubtitle{Linear Reservoir Model}
    \begin{itemize}
        \item Based on conservation of mass
        \item Assumes ponds and wetlands as reservoirs
        \begin{itemize}
            \item Water surface of each reservoir remains level at
            all times
            \item Discharge and stage of each reservoir remains essentially
            constant during some small time interval
        \end{itemize}
    \end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Pond \& Wetland Model}
    \framesubtitle{Control Structures}
        \begin{center}
        \includegraphics[scale=.5]{../writing/group/figs/prototype.pdf}%image location
        \end{center}
    \begin{itemize}
        \item Each connection described by set of parameters (weir height, pipe length, etc.)
        \item Pipe length and friction factor used for calibration
    \end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Pond \& Wetland Model}
    \framesubtitle{Control Structures}
        \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{../writing/group/figs/tidegate.pdf}%image location
        %{\tiny Diagram of tidegate at Brackish Marsh outlet.}%image caption
    \begin{itemize}
        \item Tide gate at Brackish Marsh outlet
        \item Flow to bay from marsh: tide gate modeled as a pipe with friction
        \item Flow to marsh from bay: tide gate modeled as a weir (orifice when pet door is submerged)
    \end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Data Sources}
    \framesubtitle{}
    \begin{itemize}
        \item Precipitation and inflow data
        \begin{itemize}
            \item Drives inflow model
        \end{itemize}

        \item Predicted sea-surface elevations
        \begin{itemize}
            \item NOAA ADCIRC model output
        \end{itemize}

        \item Physical properties of the system
        \begin{itemize}
            \item GIS surveys - pond and marsh areas
            \item Student surveys - weir elevations
            \item AWTF records - pump capacities
        \end{itemize}
    \end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Data Sources}
    \framesubtitle{Calibration Data}
    \begin{itemize}
    \item Daily records obtained from AWTF (1988-present)
    \begin{itemize}
        \item Plant inflow
        \item Bay discharge
        \item Flow to/from wetlands
        \item Water surface elevations (Oxidation Ponds and Enhancement Marshes)
        \item Weir settings (Oxidation Pond 2 weirs and V-notch)
        \item Pumping hours
        \end{itemize}
    \end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\section{Results and Discussion}

\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Inflow Model Results}
    \framesubtitle{Rainfall-Inflow Correlation}
    \includegraphics[angle=-90,width=\textwidth]{../writing/group/figs/inflow-ts.pdf}%image location
    \begin{itemize}
        \item Precipitation data
        \begin{itemize}
            \item NOAA weather station on Woodley Island, Eureka CA
            \item Observed rainfall data
        \end{itemize}
        \item Historical inflow data
    \end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Inflow Model Results}
    \framesubtitle{}
        \begin{center}
        \includegraphics[angle=-90,width=.75\textwidth]{../writing/group/figs/inflow-pred.pdf}%image location

        %{\tiny A portion of observed (black solid line) and hindcasted (red) plant inflows and  95\% confidence intervals (black dotted lines).}%image caption
        \end{center}
        \begin{itemize}
            \item Standard error of 0.6642 mgd
            \item Tendency for model to not capture high flow events
            \begin{itemize}
                \item High flow measurements inaccurate
            \end{itemize}
        \end{itemize}
\end{frame}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Pond \& Wetland Model Results}
    \framesubtitle{Calibration}
    \includegraphics[angle=-90,width=\textwidth]{../writing/group/figs/summer2007.pdf}
    \begin{itemize}
        \item Summer 2007 (observed daily changes in water surfaces were small)
        \item Hindcasted Ox Pond surfaces $\pm$ 0.1 feet
    \end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Pond \& Wetland Model Results}
    \framesubtitle{Calibration}
    \includegraphics[angle=-90,width=\textwidth]{../writing/group/figs/summer2007-2.pdf}
    \begin{itemize}
        \item Summer 2007 (observed plant inflow between 1-2 mgd)
        \item Hindcasted bay discharge $\pm$ 0.5 mgd
    \end{itemize}
\end{frame}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Pond \& Wetland Model Results}
    \framesubtitle{Verification}
    \includegraphics[angle=-90,width=\textwidth]{../writing/group/figs/Winter2005-2.pdf}
    \begin{itemize}
        \item December 2005, hindcasted Oxidation Pond surfaces $\pm$ 0.2 ft
    \end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Pond \& Wetland Model Results}
    \framesubtitle{Verification}
    \includegraphics[angle=-90,width=\textwidth]{../writing/group/figs/Winter2005.pdf}
    \begin{itemize}
        \item December 2005, hindcasted bay discharge $\pm$ 1 mgd
    \end{itemize}
\end{frame}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Brackish Marsh Integration}
    \framesubtitle{In-series Integration}
    \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{../writing/group/figs/tm-all-series.pdf}
    \begin{itemize}
        \item 4.5 mgd through wetlands, regulated by V-notch weir
    \item Overflow ($>$4.5 mgd) discharged directly to Brackish Marsh
    \item Weir adjustment in Gearheart Marsh (lowered by 4-6 inches)
    \end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Brackish Marsh Integration}
    \framesubtitle{In-series Integration}
    \begin{center}
    \includegraphics[height=\textwidth,angle=-90]{../writing/group/figs/in-series-winter-2.pdf}
    \end{center}
    \begin{itemize}
        \item 4-5 inches of freeboard in Enhancement Marshes
    \end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Brackish Marsh Integration}
    \framesubtitle{In-series Integration}
    \begin{center}
    \includegraphics[angle=-90,width=.9\textwidth]{../writing/group/figs/res-bargraph.pdf}
    \end{center}
    \begin{itemize}
        \item High flow = Shorter residence time
        \item Shorter residence time = Lower quality effluent
    \end{itemize}
\end{frame}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Brackish Marsh Integration}
    \framesubtitle{Removal of Enhancement Marshes}
    \begin{center}
    \includegraphics[angle=-90,width=.85\textwidth]{../writing/group/figs/direct-integration-winter-2.pdf}
    \end{center}
    \begin{itemize}
        \item After chlorination, discharge directly to Brackish Marsh
        \item Feasible in terms of flow and water surfaces
        \item Brackish Marsh water surface occilates 3-4 ft. above MSL during wet-weather
        \item 2-3 ft. above MSL during dry weather
    \end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Simulation Package for ATWF Operators}
    \framesubtitle{Objectives}
    \begin{center}
    \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{../writing/group/figs/Webmodel.pdf}
    \end{center}
    \begin{itemize}
        \item User interface to hydraulic model
        \item User defined inputs
        \begin{itemize}
            \item Minimal data input requried
        \end{itemize}
            \item Outputs pond surface elevations
    \end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Simulation Package for ATWF Operators}
    \framesubtitle{Control Variables}
    \begin{itemize}
        \item Variable Weirs
        \begin{itemize}
            \item From Ox Pond 2 to TM 1 and TM 2
            \item From Ox Pond 3 to TM 3
            \item From Chlorine Contact Basin to Allen
            \item From Chlorine Contact Basin to the bay
        \end{itemize}
        \item Storm Pumps
        \begin{itemize}
            \item From Ox Pond 3 to the Chlorine Contact Basin
            \item From Ox Pond 2 to the Chlorine Contact Basin
        \end{itemize}
        \item Pond Levels
    \end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Simulation Package for ATWF Operators}
    \framesubtitle{Daily Process}
        \vspace{-10mm}
    \includegraphics[angle=-90,width=\textwidth]{../writing/group/figs/sample-bargraph.pdf}
    \begin{itemize}
        \item Simple interface to model
        \item Display model output
        \begin{itemize}
            \item Starting pond levels
            \item Highest pond levels
            \item Ending pond levels
        \end{itemize}
    \end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Simulation Package for ATWF Operators}
    \framesubtitle{Daily Output}
        \vspace{-10mm}
   \includegraphics[angle=90,width=0.8\textwidth]{../writing/group/figs/Marsh_Colormap.pdf}
    \begin{itemize}
        \item Visual warnings if water levels exceed operational range
    \end{itemize}
\end{frame}



\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Simulation Package for ATWF}
    \framesubtitle{}
        \vspace{-7mm}
        \begin{center}
        %\includegraphics[width=0.65\textwidth]{not-the-real-thing.png}\\
        \includegraphics[width=0.57\textwidth]{../writing/group/figs/Webpage_Screenshot_1.pdf}\\
        {\tiny Sample of Web Interface}
        \end{center}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Simulation Package for ATWF}
    \framesubtitle{}
        \vspace{-7mm}
        \begin{center}
        %\includegraphics[width=0.65\textwidth]{not-the-real-thing.png}\\
        \includegraphics[width=0.57\textwidth]{../writing/group/figs/Webpage_Screenshot_Page_1.pdf}\\
        {\tiny Sample of Web Interface}
        \end{center}
\end{frame}


\section{Conclusions and Recommendations}

\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Conclusions}
    \begin{itemize}
        \item Developed and verified hydraulic model of AWTF
        \item Determined that connecting the Brackish Marsh in series with the current system {\bf is} feasible with minimal modifications:
        \begin{itemize}
                \item Flow $>4.5$ mgd routed directly from Chlorine Contact Basin to Brackish Marsh (Hauser pump capacity 4.5 mgd)
            \item Gearheart outlet weir lowered by 4--6 inches
        \end{itemize}
        \item Developed user interface for the model to be used by AWTF operators
    \end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Recommendations}
    \begin{itemize}
        \item Install staff guages at marsh outlet weirs
        \item Develop a more accurate model of flow through the tide
        gate based on observation
    \end{itemize}
%    {\scshape The End}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
{\Large Thanks to Everyone Involved}
%    {\scshape The End}
\end{frame}

%\section{References}

\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{References}
    \begin{itemize}
        \item Cleveland, R. B., W. S. Cleveland, J. McRae, and I.
        Terpenning (1990), STL: A Seasonal-Trend Decomposition
        Procedure Based on Loess, {\it Journal of Official
        Statistic}, 6, 3-73.
        \item King, H., and F. Brater (1963), {\it Handbook of
        Hydraulics for the Solution of Hydrostatic and Fluid-flow
        Problems}, 5th Edition, McGraw-Hill.
%        \item Mark, D.J., E.A. Spargo, J.J. Westerink, and R.A.L.
%        Jr. (2004), ENPAC 2003: A Tidal Constituent Database for
%        Eastern North Pacific Ocean, {\it Tech. rep.}, Army Corps of
%        Engineers.
%        \item Ruegg, J. (2008), {\it Sunny Brae - Arcata
%        Precipitation Data}.
    \end{itemize}
\end{frame}


\end{document}
